Responsable scientifique
Anthropologue
IMS, Lebanese American University
ORCID : 0000-0002-5369-4996
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Axes :
- Axe thématique n°1 : « S’approprier, contester, lutter : spatialité, domination, violence »
- Les aires géographiques : Le Maghreb et Moyen-Orient
- Les aires géographiques : L’Afrique et l’Océan Indien
Thèmes de recherche
Anthropologue juridique des migrations, j’explore à partir de concepts juridiques, des acteurs et trajectoires qui aboutissent à des situations d’exploitation, de torture et à des traitements inhumains et dégradants.
Au cours de mes recherches, j’ai élaboré une approche ethnographique de la gouvernance migratoire, qui met en lumière les intermédiaires et des normes plurielles. Par ces clés de lecture, j’ai étudié d’abord les risques liés au départ du Cameroun au prisme de la traite des êtres humains, ensuite les risques des séjours irréguliers au prisme des « accords de migration et développement », et enfin les risques des retours involontaires en Afrique et au Proche-Orient au prisme du principe du non-refoulement.
Mes principaux terrains sont au Cameroun et au Liban, avec des mises en perspectives en Afrique de l’Ouest (Nigéria, Niger, Mali, RDC), en Turquie et en Europe (France, Grèce, Italie, Chypre).
Dans mes recherches, je mélange des méthodes qualitatives (observations, entretiens) avec des méthodes de droit (analyse des lois et des jugements) et des méthodes participatives, telles que les « laboratoires de littératie des futurs ».
Mes analyses autour de la migration et du gouvernement des enjeux de protection internationale me permettent de contribuer à des réflexions plus générales sur les transformations de l’État, l’inégalités d’accès à la mobilité entre les citoyens de différents pays et la sécuritisation de l’aide au développement.
Recherche actuelle
Hébergé pendant deux ans à la Lebanese American University (LAU), le projet « REMOVED : Removal infrastructures for Syrians in Lebanon and Turkey » étudie la fabrique des expulsions au Liban et en Turquie, deux pays voisins de la Syrie qui accueillent des Syriens refoulés respectivement de Chypre et de Grèce. Partant du principe juridique du non-refoulement, le projet examine empiriquement la fabrique des expulsions par le biais d’une pluralité d’acteurs du contrôle de la mobilité et des trajectoires d’expulsions. L’étude de la fabrique des expulsions ouvre de nouveaux horizons théoriques sur le contrôle de la mobilité en tant que processus de construction de l’État : de multiples acteurs étatiques et non-étatiques interagissent à différentes échelles en marge des repères taxonomiques, remettant en question les hypothèses territoriales des droits humains. Notre équipe de sept personnes au Liban et en Turquie entend produire des connaissances empiriques sur un vaste spectre de gestionnaires de la mobilité et de trajectoires d’expulsions à travers des entretiens, des observations et des études de cas. Ces données rendront visible les transformations spatiales dans le bassin méditerranéen.
Parcours de recherche
- 2024 - 2026 : Responsable scientifique, « REMOVED : Removal infrastructures for Syrians in Lebanon and Turkey », Lebanese American University, Liban
- 2021 – 2024 : Chercheuse principale, Ghent University, Belgique.
- 2017 – 2021 : Recherche action (Amnesty, OSF, DRC, PICUM, Medico, Oxfam, Sawa)
- 2017 : Postdoc, Utrecht University, Pays Bas
- 2011 - 2017, Postdoc, Free University Amsterdam, Pays Bas
Chercheure invitée
- 2019 : University of Benin (Uniben), Nigéria, sous la supervision de Kokunre Eghafona
- 2013 : International Relations Institute of Cameroon (IRIC), Cameroun, sous la supervision de Mireille Manga
- 2012 – 2016 : Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), France, sous la supervision de Catherine Withold de Wenden
- 2012 : Danish Institute of International Studies (DIIS), Danemark, sous la supervision de Ninna Nyberg Sorensen
- 2011 : Zentrum Moderner Orient (ZMO), Allemagne, sous la supervision de Samuli Schielke
Enseignement et encadrement
- Sciences Po Paris, 2023- 2025, Clinique de droit de la migration
- American University of Cairo and University of Cologne, October 2023, Autumn research academy, “Dialogue on Migration Governance in the Euro-Mediterranean Region (DiaMiGo)”, lecture and discussion group.
- Ghent University (Belgium), Oct. 2021- Sept. 2022, supervision of two research interns from Turkey and Greece
- UNESCO, Foresight Department (Lebanon), June 2020- April 2021, “Futures Literacy Labs”, Experiential learning based on creative anticipation tools (co-designed and co-facilitated with Shahed Kseibi, Belal Shukair and Eva Feukeu), 5x3 days (in Arabic and English)
- Sawa for Development and Aid (Lebanon), March – Oct. 2020, weekly research training seminars with Nour Hamsho and Walid Al-Moughrabi
- Free University Amsterdam (Netherlands), 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, “Human rights at borders” and “Citizenship”, seminars and thesis supervision (co-taught), BA
- Sciences Po Paris, 2011, “Africa in Development : Introduction to political anthropology” (BA), “Human trafficking : ethnographic perspectives on migration and risks” (BA) and “Sovereignty, rights and global order” (MA)
- University College Amsterdam (Netherlands), 2010, “Human trafficking and labour exploitation” (BA)
- Guest lectures : Lebanese American University (Lebanon) in Nov. 2023 and April 2022, University of Benin (Nigeria) in April 2019, Université Protestante d’Afrique Centrale (Cameroun) in Sept. 2013 and Meiji Gakuin University (Japan) in March 2017
Bibliographie
Ouvrage :
- Alpes, M. J., (2017), Brokering High-Risk Migration in West Africa : Abroad at all cost. Ashgate.
Article en cours d’évaluation par les pairs :
- Alpes, M.J., “Smuggling critique into action : Design principles for critical and actionable research”, Migration Politics (accepted for the journal’s bi-annual residency program).
- Diab, J., and Alpes, M.J., « We don’t live in the future. We live in the now.” On (UN)realistically Partnering with and for Refugees in Lebanon », DiGEST (revise and resubmit).
- Baranowska, G., Alpes, M.J., Kienzle, I., (under preparation for the International Journal of Human Rights), “Making Pushback Facts Visible : A Review of Tools within Existing Case Law and the Procedural Framework of the European Court of Human Rights.”
Articles :
- Alpes, M.J., Baranowska, G., (2024), “The politics of legal facts : The erasure of pushback evidence from the European Court of Human Rights,” Law and Social Inquiry.
- Alpes, M.J., and Sylla, A., (2024), « La prévention de l’émigration par des retours : Les « retournés » de la Libye dans leurs condition citoyenne au Nigéria et au Mali », Cahiers d’études africaines, LXIV (2).
- Alpes, M.J., et al, (2023), “Who owns the future of Syrians : Intimate family explorations of durable solutions”, Special Issue on Durable Solutions, Journal of Refugee Studies, 36 (3). https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fead020
- Alpes, M.J., and Akesson, L., (2018), “What is a legitimate migration manager ? Juxtaposing migration brokers with the EU.”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45 (14), pp. 2689-2705. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2018.1528100
- Alpes, M. J., (2017), “Papers that work : Migration brokers and questions of illegality in Anglophone Cameroon”, Political and Legal Anthropology Review 40 (2) : 262-277. https://doi.org/10.1111/plar.12219
- Alpes, M.J., (2017), “Why aspiring migrants trust migration brokers : The moral economy of departure in Anglophone Cameroon”, Africa (87 (2) : 304- 321. doi:10.1017/S0001972016000978
- Alpes, M.J., (2017), “Les dynamiques sociologiques entre contrôle des migrations et protection sociale : femmes migrantes sans papiers en quête d’hébergement à Paris”, Revue Européennes des Migrations Internationales, 33 (4). Doi 10.4000/remi.9189
- Alpes, M.J., (2017), “Bad luck, bad behaviour and laziness : an ethnographic outlook on the causes of deportations in Anglophone Cameroon”, Mondi Migranti (2).
- Alpes, M. J., (2015), “Social Protection and Migration Control : The case of migrant care workers and Parisian welfare hotels”, Transnational Social Review 5 (3) : 296- 311. https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2015.1082781
- Alpes, M. J., (2015), “Airport casualties : Non- admission return risks at times of externalised and internalised migration control”, Social Sciences. 4(3) : 742- 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci4030742
- Alpes, M.J., and Spire, A., (2014), “Dealing with Law in migration control : The Powers of Street-level bureaucrats at French Consulates”, Social and Legal Studies 23 (2) : 261- 274. https://doi.org/10.1177/0964663913510927.
- Alpes, M. J. (2014), “Imagining a future in bush : migration aspirations at times of crisis in Anglophone Cameroon”, Identities 21 (3) : 259- 274. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2013.831350
- Alpes, M. J., (2013), “Payer pour émigrer : des intermédiaires de la migration au Cameroun”, Autrepart 3 (66) : 83- 97. https://doi.org/10.3917/autr.066.0083
- Alpes, M. J. (2012), “Bush at all cost : the knowledge economy of emigration in Anglophone Cameroon”, African Diaspora 5 (1) : 90- 115. DOI : 10.1163/187254612X646189
- Alpes, M. J., (2008), “The traffic in voices : contrasting experiences of migrant women in prostitution with the paradigm of ‘human trafficking’”, Human Security Journal, (Paris, vol. 6, spring 2008).
- Alpes, M. J., (2007), “The Congress and the INA Trials, 1945- 50 : a Contest over the Perception of ‘Nationalist’ Politics”, Studies in History, 23 (1) : 135- 158. https://doi.org/10.1177/025764300602300104
Chapitres d’ouvrages :
- De Kock, C., Verhaeghe, F., Linthout, L., Orsini, G., Uzureau, O., Casteleyn, L., Le Pavic, G., Remue, L., Jacobs, M., van Hest, E., Alpes, M.J., Devos, S., Derluyn, I., (2025), “Van ‘doing no harm’ naar wederzijdse voordelen : ethische overwegingen in kwalitatief oderzoek naar migratie en vluchten”, in Cannoot, P., Goossens, E., and Spinoy, M., eds., Feministische En Queer Onderzoeksmethoden in Het Recht, Brussels : Larcier Intersentia.
- Alpes, M.J., (2023), « Postface. Les chercheur-es aux frontières du droit et du pouvoir », Lendaro, A., ed., Gouverner les Exilés aux frontières : Pouvoir discrétionnaire et résistance, Éditions du Croquant.
- Alpes, M. J., (2023), “Return after interrupted migration cycles”, Jacobsen, K., and Majidi, N., Handbook on Forced Migration, Elgar.
- Van Walsum, S., and Alpes, M. J., (2014), “Transnational Households : Migrants and Care, at Home and Abroad” in Anderson, B., and Shutes, I., (eds.), Migration and Care Labour : Theory, Policy and Politics, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Alpes, M.J., (2019), “Unravelling the legal consciousness of deportation policies through women’s bushfalling narratives in Anglophone Cameroon”, in Hillmann, F., Spaan, E., and van Naerssen, T., (eds.), Migration Mobilities : the Migrant Actor in transnational space.
- Alpes, M.J., (2018), “Non-admitted” : Migration-Related Detention of Forcibly Returned Citizens in Cameroon,” in Khosravi, S. (ed.), After Deportation : Ethnographic Perspectives, Palgrave.
- Alpes, M. J., (2016), “Marriage at the Embassy : Securing the EurAfrican Border in Cameroon” in EurAfrican Borders and Migration Management : Political Cultures, Contested Spaces, and Ordinary Lives, Bellagamba, A., Dünnwald, S., Gaibazzi, P., (eds.), Palgrave.
- Alpes, M. J., (2016), “The emergence of bushfalling : Placing local migration methods in a historical and global perspective”, in Emigration Internationale au Cameroun : des enjeux nouveaux aux nouvelles figures, Kamdem, P., Mimche, H., eds. Paris, Harmattan.
- Van Walsum, S., and Alpes, M. J., (2014), “Transnational Households : Migrants and Care, at Home and Abroad” in Anderson, B., and Shutes, I., (eds.), Migration and Care Labour : Theory, Policy and Politics, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Alpes, M. J. (2013), “’Why do they take the money and not give visas ?’ The governmentality of consulate offices in Cameroon”, in Disciplining the transnational movement of people, Pecoud, A., and Geiger, M., (eds.). Palgrave Macmillan.
- Alpes, M.J., (2013), “Law and credibility of migration brokers : the case of emigration dynamics in Cameroon”, IMI Working Paper 80, University of Oxford, December.
- Alpes, M. J., (2013), “Migration brokerage, illegality, and the state : The case of two NGOs in Anglophone Cameroon”, DIIS Working Paper Series.
- Alpes, M. J., (2012), “Bushfalling – the making of migration expectations in Anglophone Cameroon”, in The Global horizon : migratory expectations in Africa and the Middle East, Graw, K., and Schielke, S. (eds.). Leuven University Press.
- Alpes, M. J., (2010), “Escaping statism : From the paradigm of trafficking to the migration trajectories of West African sex workers in Paris”, in Sex-Trafficking, Human Rights, and Social Justice, Zheng, T. (ed.). Routledge.
Choix de publications destinées à un large public :
- Davids, T., van Houte, M., Alpes, M.J., (2025), “Mixing creative and qualitative methods : An appreciative inquiry into improving engaged research, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2025.2487747
- I. Fehr and J. Alpes. (2024) Pushing states to evidence pushbacks : Lessons from MH v. Croatia for intersecting domestic criminal law and international human rights. Available at : https://blogs.law.ox.ac.uk/border-criminologies-blog/blog-post/2024/04/pushing-states-evidence-pushbacks-lessons-mh-v-croatia.
- Fehr, I., and Alpes, M.J, (2023), “Pushing states to evidence pushbacks : Lessons from MH vs Croatia for intersecting domestic criminal law and international human rights,” DISSECT Blog Post, Ghent University. Available at : https://dissect.ugent.be/pushing-states-to-evidence-pushbacks/
- M.A. and Z.R. v. Cyprus – Third Party Intervention by EuroMed Rights and KISA, the Human Rights Center (HRC) and the European Law Institute at Ghent University. Available at : https://hrc.ugent.be/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/TPI_MA-and-ZR-v-Cyprus_logos.pdf
- Baranowska, G., Alpes, M.J., De Coninck, J., and Barakou, S., (2023), Submission by the Centre for Fundamental Rights at the Hertie School, Berlin, and Human Rights Centre of the University of Ghent pursuant to Rule 9.2 of the Committee of Ministers’ Rules for the Supervision of the Execution of Judgments, on the implementation of M.K and other v. Poland (Application No 40503/17, 42902/17, 43643/17). Available at : https://hudoc.exec.coe.int/eng#{%22execidentifier%22:[%22DH-DD(2022)129E%22]}
- Alpes, M.J., (2021), Pushbacks and expulsions from Cyprus and Lebanon : The risks of (chain) refoulement to Syria, chapter 6, in Return Mania : Mapping policies and practices in the EuroMed region, EuroMed Rights. Available at : https://euromedrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/EN_Chapter-6-Pushbacks-and-expulsions-from-Cyprus-and-Lebanon_LAYOUT.pdf
- PICUM, (2020), Removed : Stories of hardship and resilience in facing deportation and its aftermath. Available at : https://picum.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Removed-stories-EN.pdf
- Alpes, M.J., (2020), Emergency returns from Libya and Niger : A protection response or a source of protection concerns ?, Brot für die Welt/ Medico. Available at https://www.brot-fuer-die-welt.de/fileadmin/mediapool/downloads/fachpublikationen/analyse/Analyse96-en-v11.pdf
- Alpes, M.J., Majcher, I., (2020), Who can and cannot be sustainably reintegrated after return ? Using post-return monitoring for protection and human right guarantees, UNU-CRIS Policy Brief Series. Available at : https://cris.unu.edu/sites/cris.unu.edu/files/PB20.3%20-%20Jill%20Alpes%20and%20Izabella%20Majcher.pdf
- Alpes, M.J., (May 2019), “After Deportation, Some Congolese Returnees Face Detention and Extortion”, Source, Migration Policy Institute. Available at : https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/after-deportation-some-congolese-returnees-face-detention-and-extortion
- Alpes, M.J., Tunaboylu, S., van Liempt, I., (2017), “Human right violations by design : EU-Turkey Statement prioritizes returns from Greece over access to asylum”, EUI Policy Brief (29). Doi : 10.2870/13130.
- Alpes, M.J., Tunaboylu, S., Ulusoy, O., Hassan, S., (2017), “Post-deportation risks under the EU-Turkey Statement : What happens after readmission to Turkey ?”, EUI Policy Brief (30). Doi : 10.2870/132639.
- Tunaboylu, S., and Alpes, J., “The EU Turkey deal : What happens to people who return to Turkey ?”, Forced Migration Review, February 2017. Available at : https://www.fmreview.org/resettlement/tunaboylu-alpes
- Alpes, J., Blondel, C., Preiss, N., and Sayos Monras, M., “Post-deportation risks for failed asylum seekers”, Forced Migration Review, February 2017. Avilable at : https://www.fmreview.org/resettlement/alpes-blondel-preiss-sayosmonras
- Alpes, M.J., and Nyborg Sorensen, N., (2016), “People face insecurities and threats after forced returns : Post-deportation risks”, DIIS Policy Brief. Available at : https://pure.diis.dk/ws/files/677576/Post_Deportation_Risks_WEB.pdf
- Alpes, M. J., Blondel, C., Preiss, N., et Sayos Monras, M., (2015), “Débouté du droit d’asile : la triple peine”, Plein Droit 107. Available at : file :///Users/maybrittalpes/Downloads/PLD_107_0023.pdf
- Alpes, M. J., Preiss, N., et Blondel, C., (2015), “Pénaliser l’émigration : l’Europe complice”, Plein Droit 107. Available at :
- Alpes, M. J., and Nyborg Sorensen, N., (2015) “Migration risk campaigns are based on wrong assumptions”, DIIS Policy Brief. Available at : https://www.cairn.info/revue-plein-droit-2015-4-page-26.htm